When you think of South America, you likely imagine countries like Brazil, Argentina, or Colombia. But nestled on the continent’s northeastern coast is a place that doesn’t quite fit the mold: French Guiana. Unlike its neighbors, it’s not an independent country — it’s part of France. Yes, the same France as Paris and the Eiffel Tower.

A Department, Not a Colony

French Guiana is not a colony or overseas territory. It is an overseas department and region of France, fully integrated into the French Republic. This means it uses the euro, participates in French and European elections, and follows French law.

In fact, French Guiana is part of the European Union — making it the only place in mainland South America where EU law applies.

Spaceport in the Jungle

One of French Guiana’s most surprising features is the Guiana Space Centre in Kourou. This high-tech facility is used by the European Space Agency (ESA) to launch satellites. Its equatorial location makes it ideal for space missions — making the region a key player in Europe’s space program.

Social Tensions and Protests

Despite its modern infrastructure and official status as part of France, French Guiana faces many challenges. Unemployment is high, public services are often lacking, and many residents feel disconnected from mainland France. Protests in 2017 brought international attention to these issues.

Identity and Belonging

The population is diverse, with Afro-descendants, Indigenous peoples, Creoles, and immigrants from Suriname and Brazil. While some people embrace their French citizenship, others feel that the region should have more autonomy — or even independence.

A Curious Case of Geography and Politics

French Guiana is a geopolitical anomaly: a slice of Europe on the South American continent. It challenges our usual ideas about borders, citizenship, and what it means to belong to a nation. Whether viewed as a strategic asset, a neglected region, or a cultural mosaic, it certainly stands out on the map.