The United States has had 50 states since Hawaii joined the Union in 1959. But discussions about a potential 51st state have persisted for decades. While some regions are seriously pursuing statehood, others occasionally appear in public discourse through speculation or historical what-ifs. Here’s a look at the most talked-about candidates.

Washington, D.C.

The U.S. capital is perhaps the most prominent candidate for statehood. With over 700,000 residents—more than some current states—Washington, D.C. pays federal taxes but has no voting representation in Congress. Advocates argue this violates democratic principles. Critics cite constitutional concerns and political implications, as D.C. leans heavily Democratic.

Puerto Rico

A U.S. territory since 1898, Puerto Rico has held multiple referendums on statehood. The most recent ones showed increasing support for joining the Union. Puerto Ricans are U.S. citizens but cannot vote in presidential elections and have limited congressional representation. Despite local support, Congress has not taken decisive action.

Other U.S. Territories

Several smaller territories—including Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands, American Samoa, and the Northern Mariana Islands—also remain outside the statehood framework. These areas have varying levels of autonomy and representation. While statehood is occasionally discussed, none have launched campaigns with momentum comparable to D.C. or Puerto Rico.

Proposals to Split Existing States

Some movements advocate splitting large or politically diverse states to create new ones. Examples include the proposed State of Jefferson (from parts of northern California and southern Oregon) and efforts to divide New York or California along rural–urban lines. These ideas often reflect political discontent but face major legal and constitutional hurdles.

Far-Fetched but Fascinating: Canada and Greenland

Occasionally, more speculative ideas enter the conversation. Canada, for example, has historically appeared in U.S. statehood discussions—especially in the 19th century. Former President Donald Trump even referred to Canada as “the 51st state” in a tongue-in-cheek remark, highlighting the countries’ close economic and cultural ties. Today, such proposals have no serious backing and would be implausible given Canada’s strong national identity.

Greenland briefly made headlines when President Trump suggested the U.S. might purchase it from Denmark. While the idea was dismissed by both Danish and Greenlandic leaders, it underscored Greenland’s strategic importance. Still, the territory is moving toward greater autonomy, not integration with another country.

Conclusion

The most realistic candidates for becoming the 51st state remain Washington, D.C. and Puerto Rico, both of which raise significant questions about representation, identity, and federal power. While other regions and proposals occasionally stir interest, actual statehood requires overcoming major political and constitutional barriers. Until then, the American flag remains at 50 stars.