South America is the fourth-largest continent in the world, both in terms of area and population. Including its surrounding islands, it covers about 17,840,000 km² (around 6,890,000 square miles), which accounts for roughly 12 percent of the Earth’s land surface and just under 3.5 percent of the planet’s total area.
The continent had an estimated population of about 440 million people in 2022, representing just over 5 percent of the world’s population. South America stretches about 7,600 kilometers (around 4,700 miles) from the Caribbean coast of Venezuela in the north to Tierra del Fuego at the continent’s southern tip. At its widest point, it measures about 5,150 kilometers (3,200 miles) across.
South America is known for its dramatic geography and diverse climates. The Andes, the world’s longest continental mountain range, runs along its western edge, while the vast Amazon Basin dominates the interior with the world’s largest tropical rainforest and the mighty Amazon River. Other significant features include the Pampas grasslands, the Atacama Desert, and the massive Iguazu Falls. The continent is also home to major lakes such as Lake Titicaca, shared by Peru and Bolivia, and unique ecosystems like the Galápagos Islands.
With its hundreds of millions of inhabitants, South America combines large urban centers—such as São Paulo, Buenos Aires, Lima, and Bogotá—with smaller towns and rural communities. Exploring its geography reveals the continent’s great cultural, linguistic, and regional diversity. Ekvis provides a variety of geography quizzes about South America, allowing you to test your knowledge of countries, capitals, major cities, flags, states and more.