Yugoslavia was a country in Southeast Europe that existed in various forms throughout the 20th century. It was formed after World War I in 1918 as the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, later renamed the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929.

After World War II, Yugoslavia became a socialist federation led by Josip Broz Tito. It consisted of six republics: Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, and Serbia. Serbia also included two autonomous provinces: Kosovo and Vojvodina.

Yugoslavia remained relatively stable during Tito’s rule, but after his death in 1980, ethnic tensions grew. In the early 1990s, several republics declared independence, leading to a series of conflicts known as the Yugoslav Wars.

By 1992, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Macedonia had all become independent. What remained was called the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, made up of Serbia and Montenegro.

In 2003, this was renamed Serbia and Montenegro. Finally, in 2006, Montenegro voted for independence, and Serbia became a separate country. Kosovo declared independence from Serbia in 2008, though it is not recognized by all countries.

Today, the territory of the former Yugoslavia consists of seven independent countries: Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, and Kosovo.